flashrom

About flashrom

From Debian's package description

flashrom is a tool for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash chips. It's often used to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware/optionROM images in-system using a supported mainboard, but it also supports flashing of network cards (NICs), SATA controller cards, and other external devices which can program flash chips.

It supports a wide range of DIP32, PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32/40/48, and BGA chips, which use various protocols such as LPC, FWH, parallel flash, or SPI.

The tool can be used to flash BIOS/firmware images for example -- be it proprietary BIOS images or coreboot (previously known as LinuxBIOS) images.

It can also be used to read the current existing BIOS/firmware from a flash chip.

Currently supported programmers include:

• internal (for in-system flashing in the mainboard)
• dummy (virtual programmer for testing flashrom)
• nic3com (for flash ROMs on 3COM network cards)
• nicrealtek (for flash ROMs on Realtek and SMC 1211 network cards)
• nicnatsemi (for flash ROMs on National Semiconductor DP838* network cards)
• nicintel (for parallel flash ROMs on Intel 10/100Mbit network cards)
• gfxnvidia (for flash ROMs on NVIDIA graphics cards)
• drkaiser (for flash ROMs on Dr. Kaiser PC-Waechter PCI cards)
• satasii (for flash ROMs on Silicon Image SATA/IDE controllers)
• satamv (for flash ROMs on Marvell SATA controllers)
• atahpt (for flash ROMs on Highpoint ATA/RAID controllers)
• atavia (for flash ROMs on VIA VT6421A SATA controllers)
• atapromise (for flash ROMs on Promise PDC2026x ATA/RAID controllers)
• it8212 (for flash ROMs on ITE IT8212F ATA/RAID controller)
• ft2232_spi (for SPI flash ROMs attached to an FT2232/FT4232H/FT232H family based USB SPI programmer), including the DLP Design DLP-USB1232H, FTDI FT2232H Mini-Module, FTDI FT4232H Mini-Module, openbiosprog-spi, Amontec JTAGkey/JTAGkey-tiny/JTAGkey-2, Dangerous Prototypes Bus Blaster, Olimex ARM-USB-TINY/-H, Olimex ARM-USB-OCD/-H, TIAO/DIYGADGET USB Multi-Protocol Adapter (TUMPA), TUMPA Lite, GOEPEL PicoTAP, Google Servo v1/v2, and FIC OpenMoko Neo1973 Debug board.
• serprog (for flash ROMs attached to a programmer speaking serprog), including AVR flasher by Urja Rannikko, AVR flasher by eightdot, Arduino Mega flasher by fritz, InSystemFlasher by Juhana Helovuo, and atmegaXXu2-flasher by Stefan Tauner.
• buspirate_spi (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a Bus Pirate)
• dediprog (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a Dediprog SF100)
• rayer_spi (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a RayeR parport based programmer)
• pony_spi (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a SI-Prog serial port bitbanging adapter)
• nicintel_spi (for SPI flash ROMs on Intel Gigabit network cards)
• ogp_spi (for SPI flash ROMs on Open Graphics Project graphics card)
• linux_spi (for SPI flash ROMs accessible via /dev/spidevX.Y on Linux)
• usbblaster_spi (for SPI flash ROMs attached to an Altera USB-Blaster)
• nicintel_eeprom (for SPI EEPROMs on Intel Gigabit network cards)
• mstarddc_spi (for SPI flash ROMs accessible through DDC in MSTAR-equipped displays)
• pickit2_spi (for SPI flash ROMs accessible via Microchip PICkit2)
• ch341a_spi (for SPI flash ROMs attached to WCH CH341A)

From Debian's description of the flashrom package, under that package's license.